7.2.f of ICC Statute), enforced sterilization, and any other form of sexual violence of comparable gravity in its definition of both crimes against humanity and war crimes over which it has jurisdiction, in both international and non-international armed conflicts (Arts. It includes rape, sexual slavery, enforced prostitution, forced pregnancy (defined in Art. The Statute of the International Criminal Court was adopted on 17 July 1998. In 1995, the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action reinforced the obligation of governments to pursue and punish perpetrators of rape and other forms of sexual violence against women and girls in situations of conflict, and to define such acts as war crimes. In the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, rape is explicitly cited as a grave breach of the 1949 Geneva Conventions, which are extended to include situations of non-international armed conflict. The two ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals set up to judge serious crimes committed in these conflicts have specifically qualified rape and other acts of sexual violence committed in the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda as war crimes and crimes against humanity. Nevertheless, rape has become truly accepted as a grave breach of humanitarian law only in recent years-in particular, since its massive occurrence during the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda between 19. Rape, enforced prostitution, and any form of indecent assault are forbidden under international humanitarian law in both international and internal conflicts (GCIV Art.
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